Biocalcite, a multifunctional inorganic polymer: Building block for calcareous sponge spicules and bioseed for the synthesis of calcium phosphate-based bone

• Xiaohong Wang,
• Heinz C. Schröder and
• Werner E. G. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 610–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.72

• suitable matrix to embed bone forming cells for rapid prototyping bioprinting/3D cell printing applications. Keywords: biocalcite; bioprinting; bone; bone formation; calcareous spicules; sponge; Introduction The size and complexity of a metazoan taxon is correlated with the dimensioning of its respective

• this enzyme is secreted by the sponge cells or bound to the cell membrane. The spicules from the calcareous sponges (Figure 2B), e.g., Sycon used in our studies [38][42], consists of almost pure calcium carbonate (calcite). In a first approach to investigate the formation of the calcareous spicules on

• spicules and its CA. (A) Specimens of S. raphanus; (B) the calcareous spicules. (C) Phylogenetic, radial tree computed with the putative calcareous sponge S. raphanus carbonic anhydrase (CA_SYCON; accession number CCE46072) and the demosponge S. domuncula silicase (SIA_SUBDO; DD298191), as well as the